tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-61486764177213164342024-02-18T20:35:23.644-08:00Welcome wawa's houseAnonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.comBlogger16125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-89831963498289043862015-09-12T23:21:00.000-07:002015-09-12T23:21:44.424-07:00<header style="background-color: #fb5e53; color: #666666; font-family: Georgia, Utopia, 'Palatino Linotype', Palatino, serif; font-size: 13px;"><div class="header-outer" style="min-height: 0px; position: relative;">
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SUNDAY,13 SEPT 2015</h2>
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Chapter 19 : Outsourcing in the 21st Century</h3>
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<u style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18.48px;">Outsourcing Projects</u><br style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18.48px;" /><br /><ul style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18.48px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Insourcing is a common approach using the professional expertise within an organization to develop and maintain the organization's information technology systems</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Outsourcing is an arrangement by which one organization provides a service or services for another organization that chooses not to perform them in-house</li>
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<img height="221" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg3Vp6hJrOg9qZiZLNgRPnpngShZ6gZ5xE15Bei8SZi9q72H2HZyaZ2e_Vva2RKaEDqZ00tmZI8Zc8mJVuGaLecglyyMEsvOmCgLoFRj0VVwUgFEujYNLe_iYaHWygNIdmVyDj0E494Vfr4/s400/19.png" width="400" /></div>
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<img height="222" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhiymuCUG0HI7RkhQzC4njm5HfRARUS8dbyRb-vHeC-kjw7W51rkp64_ZDDc4VtQWY1vzqcpIcw_COHv_OHX65Rn8OHzAkqrM-J6cqe8bPlYj_zPX9N9k28-oHPjwYbPJhgyrts25xipvNb/s400/191.png" width="400" /></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Onshore outsourcing – engaging another company within the same country for services<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Near shore outsourcing – contracting an outsourcing arrangement with a company in a nearby country<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Offshore outsourcing – using organizations from developing countries to write code and develop systems<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Big selling point for offshore outsourcing “inexpensive good work”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Factors driving outsourcing growth include;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Core competencies<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Financial savings<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Rapid growth<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Industry changes<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>The Internet<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Globalization<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>According to PricewaterhouseCoopers “Businesses that outsource are growing faster, larger and more profitable than those that do not”<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Most organizations outsource their noncore business functions, such as payroll and IT<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>OUTSOURCING BENEFITS<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Outsourcing benefits include;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Increased quality and efficiency<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Reduced operating expenses<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Outsourcing non-core processes<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Reduced exposure to risk<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Economies of scale, expertise and best practices<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Access to advanced technologies<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Increased flexibility<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Avoid costly outlay of capital funds<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Reduced headcount and associated overhead expense<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Reduced time to market for products or services<o:p></o:p></div>
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<b>OUTSOURCING CHALLENGES<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Outsourcing challenges include;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Contract length<o:p></o:p></div>
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1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Difficulties in getting out of a contract<o:p></o:p></div>
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2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Problems in foreseeing future needs<o:p></o:p></div>
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3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Problems in reforming an internal IT department after the contract is finished<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Competitive edge<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Confidentiality<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Scope definition <o:p></o:p></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-11871644832954738862015-09-12T23:13:00.000-07:002015-09-12T23:13:37.231-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: #fb5e53; color: #2198a6; font-family: Impact, sans-serif; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
Chapter 15 : Creating Collaborative Partnerships</h3>
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<u>Web 2.0 : Advantages of Business 2.0</u></div>
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Content sharing through open sourcing</div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Source code contains instructions written by a programmer specifying the actions to be performed by computer software</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Open source refers to any software whose source code is made available free for any third party to review and modify</li>
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User-contributed content</div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Created and updated by many users for many users</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">One of the most popular forms of user-generated content is a reputation system, where buyers post feedback on sellers</li>
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Collaboration inside the organization </div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">A set of tools that supports the work of teams or groups by facilitating the sharing and flow of the information</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Collective intelligence is collaborating and tapping into the core knowledge of all employees, partners, and customers</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">A knowledge management systems (KMS) supports the capturing, organization, and dissemination of knowledge throughout the organizations</li>
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Collaboration outside the organization</div>
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<u>Networking Communities with Business 2.0</u></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Social media refers to websites that rely on user participation and user-contributed content, such as Facebook</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Social networking is the practice of expanding your business and social contacts by constructing a personal networ</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Social networking analysis (SNA) maps group contacts identifying who knows each other and who works together</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Social tagging describes the collaborative activity of marking shared online content with keywords or tags as a way to organize it for future navigation, filtering, or search </li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Website bookmark is a locally stored URL or the address of a file or internet page saved as a shortcut</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Social bookmarking allows users to share, organize, search, and manage bookmarks</li>
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<u>Business 2.0 Tools for Collaborating</u></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Wikis</li>
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<u>The Challenges of Business 2.0</u></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Information vandalism</li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Violations of copyright and plagarism</li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-13160579592402512782015-09-12T23:07:00.000-07:002015-09-12T23:07:58.382-07:00<div style="background-color: white; color: #414b56; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong><em>Learning outcomes</em></strong></span></div>
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<strong><em>14.1 Compare ecommerce and ebusiness.</em></strong></div>
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<strong><em>14.2 Compare the four types of ebusiness models.</em></strong></div>
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<strong><em>14.3 Describe the benefits and challenges associated with ebusiness.</em></strong></div>
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<strong><em>14.4 Explain the differences among eshops, emails,and online auctions</em></strong>.</div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ebusiness</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Biggest benefit of the internet: how it enables organizations to perform business with anyone, anywhere, anytime.</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Ecommerce- the buying and selling of goods and services over the internet.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">It refers only to online transactions.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Ebsuiness- derived from the term Ecommerce. It is the conducting of business on the internet, not only buying and selling, but also serving customers and collaborating with business partners.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Also refers to online exchanges if information.</span></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Ebusiness Models</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Ebusiness Model- is an approach to conducting electronic business on the internet</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Takes place between two major entities- business and consumers.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/unit-4/chapter-14/chapter_14.png?attredirects=0" imageanchor="1" style="background: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: #551a8b;"><img border="0" height="181" src="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/_/rsrc/1320350354641/unit-4/chapter-14/chapter_14.png?height=181&width=400" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px;" width="400" /></a></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></span></span></span><b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Business-to-business (B2B)</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Applies to business buying from and selling to each other over the internet.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Electronic marketplaces represent a new wave in B2B ebusiness models.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Electronic marketplaces or emarketplaces- are interactive business communities providing a central market space where multiple buyers and sellers can engage in business activities.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">They represent structures for conducting commercial exchange, consolidating supply chains, and creating new sales channels.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> Business-to-business Emarketplace Overview.</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Their primary goal is to increase market efficiency by tightening and automating the relationship between buyers and sellers.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Existing marketplaces allow access to various mechanisms in which to buy and sell almost anything, from services to direct materials.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/unit-4/chapter-14/chapter_14_2.png?attredirects=0" imageanchor="1" style="background: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: #551a8b;"><img border="0" src="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/_/rsrc/1320350484306/unit-4/chapter-14/chapter_14_2.png" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></a></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Business-to-consumer (B2C)</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Applies to any business that sells its products or services to consumers over the internet.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Eshop</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Sometimes referred to as an <u>estore</u> or <u>etailer</u>. It is a version of a retail store where customers can shop at any hour of the day without leaving their home or office.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">These online stores sell and support a variety of products and services.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">The other online businesses channeling their goods and services via the internet only, such as Amazon.com, are called <u>pure plays</u>.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Types of Businesses:</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Brick-and-mortar business- a business that operates in a physical store without an internet presence.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Pure-play (virtual) business- a business that operates on the internet only without a physical store. Examples include Amazon.com and Expedia.com</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Click-and-mortar business- a business that operates in a physical store and on the internet. Examples include REI and Barnes and Noble.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> <u>Email</u></span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Email- consists of a number of eshops. It serves as a gateway through which a visitor can access other eshops.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">It may be generalized or specialized depending on the products offered by the eshops it hosts.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">-</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Eshops in emails benefit from brand reinforcement and increased traffic as visiting one shop on the email often leads to browsing “neighboring” shops.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Consumer-to-business (C2B)</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Applies to any consumer that sells a product or service to a business over the internet.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">An example is Priceline.com where bidders (or customers) ser their prices for items such as airline tickets or hotel rooms, and a seller decides whether to supply them.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Consumer-to-consumer (C2C)</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Applies to sites primarily offering goods and services to assist consumers interacting with each other over the internet.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">The internet’s most successful C2C online auction website, eBay, links like-minded buyers and sellers for a small commission.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">C2C online communities, or virtual communities, interact via email groups, web-based discussion forums, or chat rooms.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Online auctions:</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Electronic auction (eauction)- sellers and buyers solicit consecutive bids from each other and prices are determined dynamically.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Forward auction- an auction that sellers use as a selling channel to many buyers and the highest bid wins.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Reverse auction- an auction that buyers use to purchase a product or service, selecting the seller with the lowest bid.</span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">C2C Communities:</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Communities of interest- people interact with each other on specific topics, such as golfing and stamp collecting.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Communities of relations- people come together to share certain life experience, such as cancer patients, senior citizens, and car enthusiasts.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Communities of fantasy- people participate in imaginary environments, such as fantasy football teams and playing one-to-one with Michael Jordan.</span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Ebusiness Benefits and Challenges.</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Ebusiness Benefits:</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Highly Accessible- businesses can operate 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, and 365 days a year.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Increased Customer Loyalty- additional channels to contact, respond to, and access customers helps contribute to customer loyalty.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Improved Information Content- in the past, customers had to order catalogs or travel to a physical facility before they could compare price and product attributes. Electronic catalogs and web pages present customers with updated information in real time about goods, services, and prices.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Increased Convenience- Ebusiness automates and improves many of the activities that make up a buying experience.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Increased Global Reach- Business, both small and large, can reach new markets.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">Decreased Cost- the cost of conducting business on the Internet is substantially less than traditional forms of business communication.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Ebusiness Challenges:</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US">Protecting Consumers-</span></u><span lang="EN-US"> consumers must be protected against unsolicited goods and communication, illegal or harmful goods, insufficient information about goods or their suppliers, invasion of privacy, and cyberfraud.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US">Leveraging Existing Systems-</span></u><span lang="EN-US"> most companies already use information technology to conduct business in non-Internet environments, such as marketing, order management, billing, inventory, distribution, and customer service. The internet represents an alternative and complementary way to do business, but it is imperative that ebusiness systems integrate existing sytsems in a manner that avoids duplicating functionality and maintains usability, performance, and reliability.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US">Increasing Liability-</span></u><span lang="EN-US"> Ebsuiness exposes suppliers to unknown liabilities because internet commerce law is vaguely defined and differs from country to country. The internet and its use in ebusiness have raised many ethical, social, and political issues, such as identity theft and information manipulation.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US">Providing Security-</span></u><span lang="EN-US"> The internet provides universal access, but companies must protect their assets against accidental or malicious misuse. System security, however, must not create prohibitive complexity or reduce flexibility. Customer information also needs to be protected from internal and external misuse. Privacy systems should safeguard the personal information critical to building sites that satisfy customer and business needs. A serious deficiency arises from the use of the internet as a marketing means. Sixty percent of internet users do not trust the internet as a payment channel. Making purchases via the internet is considered unsafe by many. The issue affects both the business and the consumer. However, with encryption and the development of secure websites, security is becoming less of a constraint for ebusinesses.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><u><span lang="EN-US">Adhering to Taxation Rules-</span></u><span lang="EN-US"> the internet is not yet subject to the same level of taxation as traditional businesses. While taxation should not discourage consumers from using electronic purchasing channels, it should not favor internet purchases over store purchases either. Instead, a tax policy should provide a level playing field for traditional retail businesses, mail-order companies, and internet-based merchants. The internet marketplace is rapidly expanding, yet it remains mostly free from traditional forms of taxation. In one recent study, uncollected state and local sales taxes from ebusiness were projected to exceed $60 billion in 2008.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Mashups</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Web mashup- a website or web application that uses content from more than one source to create a completely new service.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">The web version of a mashup allows users to mix map data, photos, video, news feeds, blog entries and so on.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Application Programming Interface (API)- set of routines, protocols, and tools for building software applications. A good API makes it easier to develop a program by providing all the building blocks.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Mashup editors- they are WYSIWYGs (What You See Is What You Get) for mashups. They provide a visual interface to build a mashup, often allowing the user to drag and drop data points into a web application.</span></span></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-19209667765027716592015-09-12T22:58:00.000-07:002015-09-12T22:58:54.942-07:00<div style="background-color: white; color: #414b56; font-family: Arial, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333px; text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: small;"><strong><em>Learning outcomes</em></strong></span></div>
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<strong><em>12.1 Describe the role information plays in enterprise resource planning systems.</em></strong></div>
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<strong><em>12.2 Identify the primary forces driving the explosive growth of enterprise resource planning systems.</em></strong></div>
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<strong><em>12.3 Explain the business value of integrating supply chain management, customer relationship management, and enterprise resource planning systems.</em></strong></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Enterprise</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="EN-US"> Resource Planning (ERP)</span></u></b></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">It serves as the organization’s backbone in providing fundamental decision making support.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">It enables people in different business areas to communicate.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">ERP system helps an organization to obtain operational efficiencies, lower costs, improve supplier and customer relations, and increase revenues and market share.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">The heart of an ERP system is a central database that collects information from and feeds information into all the ERP system’s individual application components (called modules), supporting diverse business function such as accounting, manufacturing, marketing, and human resources.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">ERP automates business processes such as order fulfillment- taking an order from a customer, shipping the purchase, and then billing for it.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">ERP Integration Data Flow</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<img src="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/_/rsrc/1320347579726/unit-3/chapter-1/Chapter_12_ERP_pic.png" /></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Bringing the Organization Together</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">ERP enables employees across the organization to share information across a single, centralized database.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">With extended portal capabilities, an organization can also involve its suppliers and customers to participate in the workflow process, allowing ERP to penetrate the entire value chain, and help the organization achieve greater operational efficiency.</span></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> Organization before ERP</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<img src="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/_/rsrc/1320348010940/unit-3/chapter-1/Chapter_12_organazation_before_ERP_pic.png" /></div>
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<b style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> ERP- Bringing the Organization Together</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b style="font-size: 13.3333px;"><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><br /></span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<img src="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/_/rsrc/1320348140933/unit-3/chapter-1/chapter_12_ERP_bringing_the_organization_together_pic.png" /></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;">The Evolution of ERP</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Although ERP solutions were developed to deliver automation across multiple units of an organization, to help facilitate the manufacturing process and address issues such as raw materials, inventory, order entry, and distribution, ERP was unable to extend to other functional areas of the company such as sales, marketing, and shipping. It could not tie to any CRM capabilities that would allow organizations to capture customer-specific information, nor did it work with websites or portals used for customer service or order fulfillment.</span></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Integrating SCM, CRM, and ERP</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Integration of SCM, CRM, and ERP is the key to success for many companies.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Integration allows the unlocking of information to make it available to any user, anywhere, anytime.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">2 main competitors in ERP market:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-size: small;">§</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Oracle</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-size: small;">§</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Sap</span></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> Primary Users and Business Benefits of Strategic Initiatives.</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"></span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/unit-3/chapter-1/chapter_12_initiatives_pic.png?attredirects=0" imageanchor="1" style="background: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: #551a8b;"><img border="0" src="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/_/rsrc/1320348265271/unit-3/chapter-1/chapter_12_initiatives_pic.png" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></a></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Integration Tools</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">An integrated enterprise infuses support areas, such as finance and human resources, with a strong customer orientation.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Integration are achieved using:</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-size: small;">§</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Middleware</span></u></b><span lang="EN-US">- several different types of software that sit in the middle of and provide connectivity between two or more software applications. It translates information between disparate systems</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Enterprise application integration (EAI) middleware</span></u><span lang="EN-US">-</span></b><u><span lang="EN-US"> </span></u><span lang="EN-US">represents a new approach to middleware by packaging together commonly used functionality, such as providing prebuilt links to popular enterprise applications, which reduces the time necessary to develop solutions that integrate applications from multiple vendors.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<b><u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"> Integration between SCM, CRM, and ERP Applications.</span></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<b><u><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/unit-3/chapter-1/chapter12_integration_between_SCM%2C_CRM_%2CERP_APP__pic.png?attredirects=0" imageanchor="1" style="background: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: #551a8b;"><img border="0" src="https://sites.google.com/site/qccyli/_/rsrc/1320348417359/unit-3/chapter-1/chapter12_integration_between_SCM%2C_CRM_%2CERP_APP__pic.png" style="border: 0px; padding: 0px;" /></a></span></span></span></u></b></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri; font-size: small;">Companies run on independent applications, such as SCM, CRM, and ERP. If one application performs poorly, the entire customer value delivery system is affected.</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Enterprise</span></u></b><b><u><span lang="EN-US"> Resource Planning’s Explosive Growth:</span></u></b></span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">Reasons of ERP being proven to be such a powerful force:</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">ERP is a logical solution to the mess of incompatible applications that had sprung up in most businesses.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">ERP addresses the need for global information sharing and reporting.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;">ERP is used to avoid the pain and expense of fixing legacy systems</span></span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;">To qualify as a true ERP solution, the system not only must integrate various organization processes, but also must be:</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Flexible</span></u></b><span lang="EN-US">- an ERP system should be flexible in order to respond to the changing needs of an enterprise.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Modular and open</span></u></b><span lang="EN-US">- an ERP system has to have open system architecture, meaning that any module can be interfaced with or detached whenever required without affecting the other modules. The system should support multiple hardware platforms for organizations that have a heterogeneous collection of systems. It must also support third- party add-on components.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><span style="font-size: small;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Comprehensive</span></u></b><span lang="EN-US">- an ERP system should be able to support a variety of organizational functions and must be suitable for a wide range of business organizations.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: black;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-size: small;">·</span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; font-stretch: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;"><b><u><span lang="EN-US">Beyond the company</span></u></b><span lang="EN-US">- an ERP system must not be confined to organizational boundaries but rather support online connectivity to business partners or customers.</span></span></span></span></div>
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<u><span lang="EN-US"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="color: black;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">Everyone involved in sourcing, producing, delivering the company’s product works with the same information, which eliminates redundancies, cuts wasted time, and removes misinformation.</span></span></span></span></u></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-39669230828431408032015-09-12T22:50:00.000-07:002015-09-12T22:50:53.215-07:00<h1 class="title" style="background: rgb(254, 254, 254); border: 0px; font-family: 'Droid Sans', sans-serif !important; font-size: 36px; font-weight: 400; line-height: 1; margin: 0px 0px 5px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;">
How to Create a Customer Centric Strategy For Your Business</h1>
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<strong><em><span style="font-size: small;">Learning outcomes</span></em></strong></div>
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<strong><em>11.1 Compare operational and analytical customer relationship management.</em></strong></div>
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<strong><em>11.2 Identify the primary forces driving the explosive growth of customer relationship management.</em></strong></div>
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<strong><em>11.3 Define the relationship between decision making and analytical customer relationship management.</em></strong></div>
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<strong><em>11.4 Summarize the best practices for implementing a successful customer relationship management system.</em></strong></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 13.5pt;">Customer Relationship Management (CRM)</span></b></div>
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<b><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: #222222; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">C</span></u></i></b><b><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">RM</span></u></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"> is a business philosophy based on the premise that those organizations that understand the needs of individual customers are best positioned to achieve sustainable competitive advantage in the future.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">- A customer strategy starts with understanding who the company's customers are and how the company can meet strategic goals.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">- As the business world increasingly shifts from product focus to customer focus, most organizations recognize the treating existing customers well is the best source of profitable and sustainable revenue growth in the age of e-business, however, an organization is challenged more than ever before to truly satisfy its customers.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 13.5pt;">Recently, Frequency, and Monetary Value</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">An organization can find its most valuable customers by using a formula that industry insiders call RFM-recency, frequency, and monetary value. In other words, an organization must track:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">- How recently a customer purchased items </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">(recently)</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">- How frequently a customer purchases an item </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">(frequently</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">- </span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">How much a customer spends on each purchase </span><b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">(monetary value)</span></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 13.5pt;">The evolution of CRM</span></b></div>
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<span style="color: lime; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><u>CRM enables an organization to :-</u></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Provide better customer service.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Make call centers more efficient.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Help sales staff close deals faster.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Discover new customer.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Increase customer revenue.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #f4cccc; color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 13.3333px; line-height: normal;">Knowing the customer, especially knowing the profitability of individual customers, is highly lucrative in the financial service industry.</span></div>
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<u style="color: lime; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; line-height: 18.2px;"><b>The evolution of CRM include :-</b></u></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <span style="color: cyan;"><b> - CRM reporting technology</b></span></span></div>
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><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> helps organization identify their customer across other application.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> <span style="color: cyan;"><b> - CRM analysis technologies</b></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> >help organization segment their customer into categories such as best </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> and worst customer.</span></div>
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<span style="color: cyan; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b> - CRM predicting technoligies</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> >help organization make predictions regarding customer behavior such as</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> which customer are at risk of leaving.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 13.5pt;">The Ugly Side of CRM: Why CRM Matters More Now than Ever Before</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">Now companies have no choice as the power of the customer grows exponentially as the internet grows. In every case, customers have become an integral part of the action as a member of the aggregated, interactive, self-organizing, auto-entertaining audience on businesses. However, this should no be a surprise, since it was the customers crazy passion and hobbies and obsessions-that build up the web in the first place.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 13.5pt;">Customer Relationship Management's Explosive Growth</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">When customers buy on Internet, they see, and they steer, entire value chains.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">- Customer web interaction become conversations, interactive dialogs with shared knowledge, not just business transaction. Web- based customer care can actually become the focal point of customer relationship management and provide breakthrough benefits for both the enterprise and its customers, substantially reducing costs while improving service.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">- Current users allow allocating 20 percent of their IT budget to CRM solutions.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">DISPLAY THE TOP CRM BUSINESS DRIVERS</span></div>
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<span style="color: lime; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><u>USING ANALYTICALLY CRM TO ENHANCE DECISIONS</u></b></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">The two components of a CRM strategy are:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">- </span><b><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">Operational CRM</span></u></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"> supports traditional transactional processing for day-to-day front-office operations or systems that deal directly with the customers.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">- </span><b><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">Analytical CRM</span></u></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"> supports back-office operations and strategic analysis and includes all systems that do not deal directly with the customers.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">The primary difference between operational CRM and analytical CRM in the direct interaction between the organization and its customers.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">-</span><b><i><u><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 12pt;">Personalization</span></u></i></b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;"> occurs when a website can know enough about a person's likes and dislikes that it can fashion offers that are more likely to appeal to that person. Many organizations are now utilizing CRM to create customer rules and templates that marketers can use to personalize customer messages.</span></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 13.5pt;">Customer Relationship Management Success Factor</span></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">CRM solutions make organizational business processes more intelligent. This is achieved by understanding customer behavior and preferences, then realigning product and service offering and related communications to make sure they are synchronized with customer needs and preferences. If an organization is implementing a CRM system, it should study the industry best practices to help ensure a successful implementation.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="color: black; font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 10pt;">Using he analytical capabilities of CRM can help a company Anticipate customer need and proactively serve customers in way that build relationship, create loyalty, and enhance bottom lines.</span></div>
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<span style="color: lime; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><b><u>CRM success factors include :-</u></b></span><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Clearly communicate the CRM strategy.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Define information needs and flows.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Build an integrated view of the customer.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Implement in iterations.</span><br /><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"><br /></span><span style="font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;"> * Scalability for organization growth.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-24782630471627970152015-09-04T05:25:00.003-07:002015-09-04T05:25:50.988-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: cursive; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
Chapter 10 – Extending the Organization – Supply Chain Management</h3>
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BASICS OF SUPPLY CHAIN<o:p></o:p><br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><b>SCM</b> </span>– the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability<o:p></o:p></div>
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The supply chain has three main links.<o:p></o:p></div>
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1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Materials flows from suppliers and their upstream suppliers at all levels<o:p></o:p></div>
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2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Transformation of materials into semi-finished products, or the organization’s own production processes</div>
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3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Distribution of products to customers and their downstream customers at all levels<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="background-color: #444444; color: #64e71e; font-family: Chewy; font-size: 17.6000003814697px; line-height: 24.6400012969971px;">1.List and describe the component of a typical supply chain.</span><br style="color: #64e71e; font-family: Chewy; font-size: 17.6000003814697px; line-height: 24.6400012969971px;" /><br style="font-family: Chewy; font-size: 17.6000003814697px; line-height: 24.6400012969971px;" /><ul style="font-family: Chewy; font-size: 17.6000003814697px; line-height: 24.6400012969971px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">supplier</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">manufacturer</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">distributor</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">retailer</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: white;">customer</span></li>
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<b><span style="background-color: #444444; color: lime; font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY’S ROLE IN THE SUPPLY CHAIN</span></b><o:p></o:p><br /></div>
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Information technology’s primary role in SCM is creating the integrations or tight process and information linkages between functions within a firm such as marketing, sales, finance, manufacturing, and distribution – and between firms, which allow the smooth, synchronized flow of both information and product between customers, suppliers and transportation providers across the supply chain<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">VISIBILITY <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Supply Chain Visibility is the ability to view all areas up and down the supply chain. Changing supply chains requires a comprehensive strategy buoyed by information technology. Organizations can use technology tools that help them integrate upstream and downstream, with both customers and suppliers.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">The bullwhip effect occurs when distorted product demand information passes from one entity to the next throughout the supply chain.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">The behavior of customers has changed the way businesses complete. Customers will leave if a company does not continually meet their expectations. They are more demanding because they have information readily available, they know exactly what they want, and they know when and how they want it.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Demand planning software generates demand forecasts using statistical tools and forecasting techniques. Companies can respond faster and more effectively to consumer demands through supply chain enhancements such as demand planning software.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Once an organization understands customer demand and its effect on the supply chain it can begin to estimate the impact that its supply chain will have on its customers and ultimately the organization’s performance.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">COMPETITION<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><b>·</b><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"><b> </b> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Supply chain planning (SCP) software uses advanced mathematical algorithms to improve the flow and efficiency of the supply chain while reducing inventory. SCP depends entirely on information for its accuracy.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Supply chain execution (SCE) software automates the different steps and stages of the supply chain. This could be as simple as electronically routing orders from a manufacturer to a supplier.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">SPEED <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">These systems raise the accuracy, frequency and speed of communication between suppliers and customers, as well as between internal users.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Another aspect of speed is the company’s ability to satisfy continually changing customer requirements efficiently, accurately and quickly.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><span style="background-color: #444444; color: lime;">SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SUCCESS FACTORS</span><span style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br /><span style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; font-weight: bold; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">To succeed in today’s competitive markets, companies must align their supply chain with the demands of the markets they serve.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Supply chain performance is now a distinct competitive advantage for companies proficient in the SCM area.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">MAKE THE SALE TO SUPPLIERS<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">The hardest part of any SCM system is its complexity because a large part of the system extends beyond the company’s walls. Not only will the people in the organization need to change the way they work, but also the people from each supplier that is added to the network must change. Be sure suppliers are on board with the benefits that the SCM system will provide.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">WEAN EMPLOYEES OFF TRADITIONAL BUSINESS PRACTICES</span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Operations people typically deal with phone calls, faxes and orders scrawled on paper and will most likely want to keep it that way. Unfortunately, an organization cannot disconnect the telephones and fax machines just because it is implementing a supply chain management system. If the organization cannot convince people that using the software will be worth their time, they will easily find ways to work around it, which will quickly decrease the changes of success for the SCM system.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">ENSURE THE SCM SYSTEM SUPPORTS THE ORGANIZATION GOALS<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">It is important to select SCM software that gives organizations an advantage in the areas most crucial to their business success. If the organizational goals support highly efficient strategies, be sure the supply chain design has the same goals.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">DEPLOY IN INCREMENTAL PHASE AND MEASURE AND COMMUNICATE SUCCESS<o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">Design the development of the SCM system in incremental phases. For instance, instead of installing a complete supply chain management system across the company and all suppliers at once, start by getting it working with a few key suppliers, and then move on to the other suppliers. Along the way, make sure each step is adding value through improvements in the supply chain’s performance. While a big-picture perspective is vital to SCM success, the incremental approach means the SCM system should be implemented in digestible bites and also measured for success one step at a time.<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">BE FUTURE ORIENTED <o:p></o:p></span><br /><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;"><br /></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 18.3999996185303px;">The supply chain design must anticipate the future state of the business. Because the SCM system likely will last for many more years than originally planned, managers need to explore how flexible the systems will be when (not if) changes are required in the future. The key is to be certain that the software will meet future needs, not only current needs. <b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-52149426264555526852015-08-24T20:19:00.000-07:002015-09-04T05:17:56.443-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: cursive; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
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<span style="background-color: black;">Chapter 9 – Enabling the Organization-Decision Making</span></h3>
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<span style="background-color: black;">Decision Making <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Reasons for Growth of Decision Making Information System</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>People need to analyze large amounts of information – Improvements in technology itself, innovations in communication, and globalization have resulted in a dramatic increase in the alternatives and dimensions people need to consider when making a decision or appraising an opportunity<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>People must make decisions quickly – Time is of the essence and people simply do not have time to sift through all the information manually<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>People must apply sophisticated analysis techniques, such as modeling and forecasting, to make good decisions – Information systems substantially reduce the time required to perform these sophisticated analysis techniques<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>People must protect the corporate asset of organizational information – Information systems offer the security required to ensure organizational information remains safe.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><strong style="background-color: black;"> MODEL</strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">A <strong><em><span style="font-size: small;">model</span></em></strong> is a simplified representation or abstraction of reality.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"> -Models can calculate risks, understand uncertainly , change variable, and manipulate time.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;">-</span></strong> Decision-making information systems work by building models out of organization information to lend insight into important business issues and opportunities.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">Each system uses different models to assist in decision making, problem solving, and opportunity capturing. This system includes:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> </strong></span><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>-</strong></span>Transaction Processing System.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">-</span></strong>Decision Support Systems.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"> <span style="font-size: medium;"><strong> -</strong></span>Executive Information Systems. </span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">IT systems in an enterprise</span></span></li>
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<li style="list-style: disc outside url(https://ssl.gstatic.com/sites/p/ae80a1/system/app/themes/terrawater/ollist-bg.gif);"><strong style="background-color: black;"> Transaction Processing Systems</strong></li>
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<span style="background-color: black;">The structure of a typical organization is similar to a pyramid. Organizational activities occur at different levels of the pyramid. People in the organization have unique information needs and thus require various sets of IT tools.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"> - <strong>Online transaction processing</strong> is the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhLBGSuvGDBWTA9tU-mRSKD735xZfpyyZnL5kThK1_CogozMoYHz01gtXypI9jazLXokZE-dEQNzQ8P6M2RF4KuHq1N1-Cw4ZbuzzujxzA_XiG7ZhPUttijEhmm2R0cwp_pX25VLORUh6p/s1600/capture-20130819-132742.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: black; color: black;"><img border="0" height="290" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhhLBGSuvGDBWTA9tU-mRSKD735xZfpyyZnL5kThK1_CogozMoYHz01gtXypI9jazLXokZE-dEQNzQ8P6M2RF4KuHq1N1-Cw4ZbuzzujxzA_XiG7ZhPUttijEhmm2R0cwp_pX25VLORUh6p/s320/capture-20130819-132742.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="320" /></span></a></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">Transaction Processing System<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Moving up through the organizational pyramid users move from requiring transactional information to analytical information</span></span></li>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifnQgiOZfdou2jbS3oB96kF6n7brGahrsIq2BjrzKrVmG-r4lFvOI4MWC_wke_xcKQtcfXE1lEd5XrIBJwFXNqUbD8SUMutJRqXsGuBAiEe3rIKXKoXrSJh1CgW01SZKLspJlE26ThpyO4/s1600/Untitled+%25281%2529.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><span style="background-color: black; color: black;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEifnQgiOZfdou2jbS3oB96kF6n7brGahrsIq2BjrzKrVmG-r4lFvOI4MWC_wke_xcKQtcfXE1lEd5XrIBJwFXNqUbD8SUMutJRqXsGuBAiEe3rIKXKoXrSJh1CgW01SZKLspJlE26ThpyO4/s1600/Untitled+%25281%2529.png" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" /></span></a></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Transaction processing system – the basic business system that serves the operational level (analysis) in an organization</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Online transaction processing (OLTP) – the capturing of transaction and event information using technology to (1) process the information according to defined business rules, (2) store the information, (3) update existing information to reflect the new information</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Online analytical processing (OLAP) – the manipulation of information to create business intelligence in support of strategic decision making</span></blockquote>
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<span style="background-color: black;">Decision support systems<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Decision support system (DSS) – models information to support managers and business professionals during the decision-making process</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Three quantitative models used by DSSs include;</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black;">1.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Sensitivity analysis – the study of the impact that changes in one (or more) parts of the model have on other parts of the model<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">2.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>What-if analysis – checks the impact of a change in an assumption on the proposed solution<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">3.<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Goal-seeking analysis – finds the inputs necessary to achieve a goal such as a desired level of outputs<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">What-if analysis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">Goal-seeking analysis<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">Executive information system <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Executive information system (EIS) – A specialized DSS that supports senior level executives within the organization</span></span></li>
<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Most EISs offering the following capabilities;</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Consolidation – involves the aggregation of information and features simple roll-ups to complex groupings of interrelated information<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Drill-down – enables users to get details, and details of information<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Slice-and-dice – looks at information from different perspectives<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Interaction between a TPS and an EIS</span></span></li>
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<li><span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Digital dashboard – integrates information from multiple components and presents it in a united display</span></span></li>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><br /><strong>Artificial Intelligence (AI)</strong> </span><br />
<span style="background-color: black;">Executive information systems are starting to take advantage of artificial intelligence to help executives make strategic decisions.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black;">Phili Lumish said that competing in the internet arena is competing with the entire world rather than a store down the block or a few miles away.</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black;"><strong>- <u><em>Intelligent Systems</em></u></strong> are various commercial applications of artificial intelligence. --</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black;"><strong>- <em><u>Artificial inteligence(AI)</u></em></strong> simulates human intelligence such as ability to reason and learn.</span><br />
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AI systems dramatically increase the speed and consistency of decision making, solve problems with incomplete information, and solve complicated issues that cannot be solved by conventional computing. There are many categories of AI systems:</span><br />
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<strong> -</strong>Expert System</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black;"> <strong> -</strong>Neural Networks</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black;"> <strong> </strong><strong>-</strong>Genetic Algorithms</span><br />
<span style="background-color: black;"> <strong> </strong><strong>-</strong>Intelligent agents</span><br />
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<strong>+ <u><em>Expert system</em></u></strong> are computerized advisory program that imitate the reasoning processes of experts in solving difficult problems.</span><br />
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<span style="background-color: black;"><strong>+</strong>A <strong><em><u>neural Network</u></em></strong>, also called an <u><em><strong>artificial neural network</strong></em></u>, is a category of AI that attempts to emulate the way the human brain works.<br /><strong> - </strong><strong><em><u>Fuzzy logic: </u></em></strong>It is an artificial method of handing imprecise or subjective information.<br /><strong> </strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><strong> </strong><strong>+</strong>A<strong> <u><em>genetic algorithms</em></u></strong> is an artificial intelligence system that mimic the evolutionary, survival-of-the-fittest process to generate increasingly better solutions to a problem.<br /><strong><br /></strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><strong>+ </strong><strong><em><u>Intelligent agents </u></em></strong>is a special-purpose knowledge-based information system that accomplished specific task as on behalf of its users. A shopping both is simple example of an intelligent agent.<br /> <strong>-</strong> <em><u><strong>Shopping bot</strong> </u></em>is the software that will search several retailer websites and provide a comparison of each retailer's offering including price and availability.</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: large;"><strong style="background-color: black;">Multi-Agent Systems and Agent Modeling</strong></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">By observing the ecosystem like ant or bee colonies, artificial intelligence scientists can use hardware and software models that incorporate insect characteristics and behavior to:</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"> <strong><span style="font-size: medium;">-</span></strong> Learn how people-based system behave</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> - </span></strong>predict how they will behave under a given set of circumstances</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><strong><span style="font-size: medium;"> - </span></strong>improve human system to make them more efficient and effective.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;">This concept of learning from ecosystems and adapting their characteristics to human and organizational situations is called <strong><em>biomimicry</em></strong>.</span></div>
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<strong><span style="background-color: black; font-size: small;"><span style="font-size: medium;">+ </span>Data Mining</span></strong></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>- </strong></span>Data miming system sift instantly through the information to uncover patterns and relationships that would elude an army of human research.</span></div>
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<span style="background-color: black;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><strong>- </strong></span>Data-mining software typically includes many forms of AI such us networks and expert system.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-49717495248872943982015-08-10T21:41:00.001-07:002015-08-10T21:41:02.902-07:00<span style="color: red;"><br /></span>
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<span style="color: red;"><a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="638158859041839142"></a></span><h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: 'Dancing Script'; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<a href="http://arynaazrn.blogspot.com/2014/02/chapter-8-accessing-organizational.html" style="text-decoration: none;"><span style="color: blue;">Chapter 8 : Accessing Organizational Information - Data Warehouse</span></a></h3>
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<b><u><span style="color: #e06666; font-family: inherit;">History of Data Warehouse</span></u></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Data warehouses extend the transformation of data into information</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">In the 1990’s executives became less concerned with the day-to-day business operations and more concerned with overall business functions</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">The data warehouse provided the ability to support decision making without disrupting the day-to-day operations</span></div>
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<b><b><u><span style="color: #e06666; font-family: inherit;">Data Warehouse Fundamentals</span></u></b></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US">Data warehouse </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US">– a logical collection of information – gathered from many different operational databases – that supports business analysis activities and decision-making tasks</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">The primary purpose of a data warehouse is to aggregate information throughout an organization into a single repository for decision-making purposes</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">The primary difference between a database and a data warehouse is that a database stores information for a single application, whereas a data warehouse stores information from multiple databases, or multiple applications, and external information such as industry information </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">This enables cross-functional analysis, industry analysis, market analysis, etc., all from a single repository</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Data warehouses support only analytical processing (OLAP)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><i><span lang="EN-US">Extraction, transformation, and loading (ETL) </span></i><span lang="EN-US">– a process that extracts information from internal and external databases, transforms the information using a common set of enterprise definitions, and loads the information into a data warehouse</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">The ETL process gathers data from the internal and external databases and passes it to the data warehouse</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">The ETL process also gathers data from the data warehouse and passes it to the data marts</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US">Data mart</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US"> </span></i><span lang="EN-US">– contains a subset of data warehouse information</span></div>
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<b><i><u><span lang="EN-US">MULTIDIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS AND DATA MINING<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Databases contain information in a series of two-dimensional tables</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">In a data warehouse and data mart, information is multidimensional, it contains layers of columns and rows</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">–<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Dimension – a particular attribute of information</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Each layer in a data warehouse or data mart represents information according to an additional dimension</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Dimensions could include such things as:</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Products</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Promotions</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Stores</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Category</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Region</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Stock price</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Date</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Time</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Weather<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Why is the ability to look at information based on different dimensions critical to a business success?</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">–<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Ans: The ability to look at information from different dimensions can add tremendous business insight</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, sans-serif;">–<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">By slicing-and-dicing the information a business can uncover great unexpected insights</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US">Cube</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US"> – common term for the representation of multidimensional information</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Users can slice and dice the cube to drill down into the information</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Cube A represents store information (the layers), product information (the rows), and promotion information (the columns)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Cube B represents a slice of information displaying promotion II for all products at all stores</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Cube C represents a slice of information displaying promotion III for product B at store 2</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><i><span lang="EN-US">Data mining </span></i></b><span lang="EN-US">– the process of analyzing data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Data mining can begin at a summary information level (coarse granularity) and progress through increasing levels of detail (drilling down), or the reverse (drilling up)</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">To perform data mining users need data-mining tools</span></div>
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<b><i><span lang="EN-US">Data-mining tool</span></i></b><span lang="EN-US"> – uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information and infers rules that predict future behavior and guide decision making</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Data-mining tools include query tools, reporting tools, multidimensional analysis tools, statistical tools, and intelligent agents</span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: inherit;">Multidimensional Analysis and Data Mining</span><span style="font-family: inherit;"><i style="color: #1d528d; font-weight: bold;"> </i><span style="color: #999999;">-</span><i style="color: #1d528d; font-weight: bold;"> </i></span><span style="font-family: Verdana;"><span style="color: #999999;">r</span></span><span style="color: #999999;">elational Database contain information in a series of <b>two-dimensional tables</b></span></span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.38in;">In a data warehouse and data mart, information is multidimensional, it contains layers of columns and rows</span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.31in;"><b>Dimension</b> – </span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.31in;">a particular attribute </span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.31in;">of information</span></span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Cube</span> – common term for the representation of multidimensional information</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><div style="direction: ltr; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0.38in; margin-top: 7.68pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -0.38in; unicode-bidi: embed; vertical-align: baseline;">
<span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit;">Once a cube of information is created, users can begin to slice and dice the </span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.38in;">cube </span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.38in;">to drill down into the information</span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit;">Users can </span><span style="color: #999999;">analyse</span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit;"> information in a number of different ways and with number of different dimensions</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #e06666;"><b><u>Multidimensional Analysis and Data Mining</u></b></span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #990000;">Data mining</span></span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-indent: -0.38in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #999999;"><span style="font-family: inherit;">– the process of </span>analysing<span style="font-family: inherit;"> data to extract information not offered by the raw data alone. Also known as "knowledge discovery" – computer-assisted tools and techniques for sifting through and </span></span><span style="color: #999999;">analysing</span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit;"> vast data stores in order to find trends, patterns, and correlations that can guide decision making and increase understanding</span></span></li>
<li style="font-family: inherit; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.38in;">To perform data mining users need data-mining tools</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-weight: bold; text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #990000;">Data-mining tool</span></span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.31in;"> – uses a variety of techniques to find patterns and relationships in large volumes of information. </span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.31in;">Examples</span><span style="text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit;">: retailers can use knowledge of these patterns to improve the placement of items in the layout of a mail-order </span><span style="color: #999999;">catalogue</span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit;"> page or Web page</span></span></li>
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<span style="color: #e06666; font-family: inherit;"><b><u>Information Cleansing or Scrubbing</u></b></span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.38in;">An organization must </span><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #741b47;">maintain high-quality data in the data warehouse</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;"><b><span style="color: #990000;">Information cleansing or scrubbing</span></b></span><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;"> – a process that weeds out and fixes or discards inconsistent, incorrect, or incomplete information</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #999999; font-family: inherit; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;">Occur during ETL process and second on the information once if is in the data warehouse</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit;">Contact information in an operational system</span></span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit;">Standardizing Customer name from Operational Systems</span></span></li>
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<b><i><u><span lang="EN-US">BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE<o:p></o:p></span></u></i></b></div>
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<b><span lang="EN-US">BI </span></b><span lang="EN-US">is</span><span lang="EN-US"> information that people use to support their decision-making efforts</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US">Principle BI enablers include:</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">Technology</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Even the smallest company with BI software can do sophisticated analyses today that were unavailable to the largest organizations a generation ago. The largest companies today can create enterprisewide BI systems that compute and monitor metrics on virtually every variable important for managing the company. How is this possible? The answer is technology—the most significant enabler of business intelligence.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">People</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">Understanding the role of people in BI allows organizations to systematically create insight and turn these insights into actions. Organizations can improve their decision making by having the right people making the decisions. This usually means a manager who is in the field and close to the customer rather than an analyst rich in data but poor in experience. In recent years “business intelligence for the masses” has been an important trend, and many organizations have made great strides in providing sophisticated yet simple analytical tools and information to a much larger user population than previously possible.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><b><span lang="EN-US">Culture</span></b></div>
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<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">•<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span lang="EN-US">A key responsibility of executives is to shape and manage corporate culture. The extent to which the BI attitude flourishes in an organization depends in large part on the organization’s culture. Perhaps the most important step an organization can take to encourage BI is to measure the performance of the organization against a set of key indicators. The actions of publishing what the organization thinks are the most important indicators, measuring these indicators, and analyzing the results to guide improvement display a strong commitment to BI throughout the organization.</span></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-60170006932659886772015-08-10T21:32:00.002-07:002015-08-10T21:32:34.953-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="font-family: 'Dancing Script'; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<a href="http://arynaazrn.blogspot.com/2014/02/chapter-7-storing-organizational.html" style="color: #9b0e53; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-size: x-large;">Chapter 7 : Storing Organizational Information - Database</span></a></h3>
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<u><span style="color: #e06666; font-family: inherit;"><b>Relational Database Fundamentals</b></span></u></div>
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<li style="color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #990000;">Database</span></span><span style="color: #999999; text-indent: -0.31in;"> – maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)</span></span></li>
<li style="color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: inherit;">Database models include:</span></span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit; text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Hierarchical database model</span></span><span style="color: #999999; text-indent: -0.31in;"> – information is organized into a tree-like structure (using parent/child relationships) in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #741b47;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-indent: -0.31in;">Network database model</span><span style="text-indent: -0.31in;"> </span></span><span style="color: #999999; text-indent: -0.31in;">– a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Relational database model</span></span><span style="color: #999999; text-indent: -0.31in;"> – stores information in the form of logically related two-dimensional tables</span></span></li>
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RELATIONAL DATABASE FUNDAMENTALS</div>
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<span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> - </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Information is everywhere in an organization</span></div>
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<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">- Information is stored in databases</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Database – maintains information about various types of objects (inventory), events (transactions), people (employees), and places (warehouses)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> - </span>Database models include;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Hierarchical database model – information is organized into a tree-like structure (using parent/child relationships) in such a way that it cannot have too many relationships.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: Kranky; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"> </span><span style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: Kranky; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;">Network database model – a flexible way of representing objects and their relationships</span><br style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: Kranky; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;" /><span style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: Kranky; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;"><br /></span><span style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: Kranky; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;"></span><br style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: Kranky; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;" /><div class="separator" style="background-color: #fff0ee; clear: both; color: #222222; font-family: Kranky; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px;">
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ENTITIES AND ATTRIBUTES<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 9px;"> </span>Entity – a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>The rows in each table contains the entities<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Attributes (fields, columns) – characteristics or properties of an entity class<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>The columns in each table contain the attributes<o:p></o:p></div>
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KEYS AND RELATIONSHIPS<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Primary keys and foreign keys identity the various entity classes (tables) in the database<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Primary key – a fields (or group of fields) that uniquely identities a given entity in a table<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Foreign key – a primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationships among the two tables <o:p></o:p></div>
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RELATIONAL DATABASE ADVANTAGES<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Database advantages from a business perspective include;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Increased flexibility<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Increased scalability and performance<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Reduced information redundancy<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Increased information integrity (quality)<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Increased information security<o:p></o:p></div>
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INCREASED FLEXIBILITY<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>A well-designed database should;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Handle changes quickly and easily<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Provide users with different views<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Have only one physical views<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Physical view – deals with the physical storage of information on a storage device<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Have multiple logical views<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">§<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Logical view – focuses on how users logically access information<o:p></o:p></div>
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INCREASED SCALABILITY AND PERFORMANCE<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>A database must scale to meet increased demand, while maintaining acceptable performance levels<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Scalability – refers to how well a system can adapt to increased demands<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Performance – measures how quickly a system performs a certain process or transaction<o:p></o:p></div>
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REDUCED INFORMATION REDUNDANCY<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Databases reduce information redundancy<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Redundancy – the duplication of information or storing the same information in multiple places<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Inconsistency is one of the primary problems with redundant information<o:p></o:p></div>
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INCREASED INFORMATION SECURITY<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Information is an organization asset and must be protected<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Databases offer several security features including;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Password – provides authentication of the user<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Access level – determines who has access to the different types of information<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Access control – determines types of user access, such as read-only access<o:p></o:p></div>
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DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Database management systems (DBMS) – software through which users and application programs interact with a database<o:p></o:p></div>
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DATA-DRIVEN WEB SITES<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Data-driven Web sites – an interactive Web site kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of database<o:p></o:p></div>
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DATA-DRIVEN WEB SITE BUSINESS ADVANTAGES<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Development<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Content Management<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Future Expandability<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Minimizing Human Error<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Cutting Production and Update Costs<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>More Efficient<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Improved Stability<o:p></o:p></div>
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DATA-DRIVEN BUSINESS INTELLIGENT<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>BI in a data-driven Web site<o:p></o:p></div>
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INTEGRATING INFORMATION AMONG MULTIPLE DATABASES<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Integration – allows separate systems to communicate directly with each other<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Wingdings;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Forward integration – takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all <u>downstream</u> systems and processes<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /> <span style="font-family: Wingdings; text-indent: -0.25in;">Ø<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Backward integration – takes information entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all </span><u style="text-indent: -0.25in;">upstream</u><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;"> systems and processes</span><br /><br /><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Building a central repository specifically for integrated information</span><br /><div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
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<li style="color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #990000;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-indent: -0.38in;">Entity</span><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"> </span></span><span style="color: #1d528d; text-indent: -0.38in;">– </span><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #999999;">a person, place, thing, transaction, or event about which information is stored</span></span></span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #a64d79; font-family: inherit;">The rows in each table contain the entities</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #a64d79; font-family: inherit;">In Figure 7.1 CUSTOMER includes Dave’s Sub Shop and Pizza Palace entities</span></span></li>
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<li style="color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><b><i><span style="color: #990000;">Attributes (fields & columns)</span></i></b><span style="color: #999999;"> - characteristics or properties of an entity class</span></span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #a64d79; font-family: inherit;">The columns in each table contain the attributes</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #a64d79; font-family: inherit;">In Figure 7.1 attributes for CUSTOMER include Customer ID, Customer Name, Contact Name</span></span></li>
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<span style="color: #990000; font-family: inherit;">Primary keys and foreign keys identify the various entity classes (tables) in the database</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #990000;">Foreign key</span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #990000;"> </span><span style="color: #999999;">– a primary key of one table that appears an attribute in another table and acts to provide a logical relationship among the two tables</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-style: italic; font-weight: bold; text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #990000;">Primary key</span></span><span style="color: #999999; text-indent: -0.31in;"> – a field (or group of fields) that uniquely identifies a given entity in a table</span></span></div>
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<li style="color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-indent: -29.7600002288818px;"><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; color: #666666; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding: 5px; position: relative; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjvFJg_ZEGJV67T0hiZgFTcYL7chsQvGwThaoS2myYIWQh4WrE8nIHjrPPECnlR8UiAfV32Xr11k2L9w1yKsufRlNIY3yw5KW4lznf-sGgm2EVMirpW0XLNeAju6tKXy9dMa23aYIuNEs/s1600/Picture1.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #9b0e53; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjjvFJg_ZEGJV67T0hiZgFTcYL7chsQvGwThaoS2myYIWQh4WrE8nIHjrPPECnlR8UiAfV32Xr11k2L9w1yKsufRlNIY3yw5KW4lznf-sGgm2EVMirpW0XLNeAju6tKXy9dMa23aYIuNEs/s400/Picture1.png" style="background: transparent; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" width="276" /></span></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10.5600004196167px;"><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: x-small;">Potential Relational Database for Coca-Cola Bottling Company of Egypt</span></td></tr>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><u style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #e06666;"><b>Re</b></span></u><u style="text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #e06666;"><b>lational Database Advantages</b></span></u></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;" /><ul style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999; text-indent: -0.31in;">Increased flexibility</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in;">Increased scalability and performance</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in;">Reduced information redundancy</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in;">Increased information integrity (quality)</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #999999; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.31in;">Increased information security</span></li>
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<span style="background-color: white; color: #e06666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;" /><div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px; text-align: justify;">
<span style="color: #e06666; font-family: inherit;"><u style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: bold;">Database Management Systems (DBMS)</span></u></span></div>
<span style="background-color: white; color: #e06666; font-family: inherit; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"></span><br style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;" /><div style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #990000;">Database management systems (DBMS)</span><span style="color: #999999;"> – software through which users and application programs interact with a database </span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="color: #990000;">Data-driven Web sites</span> <span style="color: #999999;">– an interactive Web site kept constantly updated and relevant to the needs of its customers through the use of a database</span></span></div>
</li>
</ul>
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<ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: inherit;">Data Driven Web Site Advantages</span></li>
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit;">Development</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit;">Content Management</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #741b47; text-indent: -0.38in;">Future Expandability</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #741b47; text-indent: -0.38in;">Minimizing Human Error</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #741b47; text-indent: -0.38in;">Cutting Production and Update Costs</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #741b47; text-indent: -0.38in;">More Efficient</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #741b47; text-indent: -0.38in;">Improved Stability</span></li>
</ul>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-indent: -36.4799995422363px;"><span style="color: #741b47; font-family: inherit;"><br /></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: inherit;">Data-Driven Business Intelligence</span></li>
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<span style="font-weight: bold;"><span style="color: #e06666; font-family: inherit;"><u><br /></u></span></span></div>
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<span style="color: #e06666; font-family: inherit;"><b><u>Integrating Information among Multiple Devices</u></b></span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-weight: bold; line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #990000;">Integration</span></span><span style="color: #999999; line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.38in;"> – allows separate systems to co</span><span style="color: #999999; line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.38in;">mmunicate directly with each other</span></span></li>
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Forward integration</span></span><span style="color: #999999; line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.31in;"> – takes information</span><span style="color: #999999; line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.31in;"> entered into a given system and sends it automatically to all downstream system</span><span style="color: #999999; line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.31in;">s and processes</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.31in;"><span style="color: #741b47;">Backward integration</span></span><span style="color: #999999; line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.31in;"> – takes information entered into a give</span><span style="color: #999999; line-height: 11.8800001144409px; text-indent: -0.31in;">n system and sends it automatically to all upstream systems and processes</span></span></li>
</ul>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="color: #999999; text-indent: -36.4799995422363px;">Building a central repository specifically for integrated information</span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-49011328675278483282015-08-10T21:14:00.003-07:002015-08-10T21:14:55.276-07:00<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Dancing Script'; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;">
<img height="182" src="http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-m2BTt6Yzs8Q/VK3cUn0cCNI/AAAAAAAAALg/7PHHBKUnQr0/s320/136925418619.jpg" width="320" /></h3>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Dancing Script'; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative; text-align: center;">
<br /></h3>
<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Dancing Script'; font-size: 22px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.75em 0px 0px; position: relative;">
<a href="http://arynaazrn.blogspot.com/2014/01/chapter-5-organizational-structures.html" style="color: #9b0e53; text-decoration: none;">Chapter 5 : Organizational Structures That Support Strategic Initiatives</a></h3>
<div class="post-header" style="background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 10.8000001907349px; line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1.5em;">
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<div class="post-body entry-content" id="post-body-3792315084959914626" itemprop="description articleBody" style="background-color: white; font-family: 'Trebuchet MS', Trebuchet, Verdana, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4; position: relative; width: 996px;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<u><b><span style="color: #134f5c;">IT Roles and Responsibilities</span></b></u></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</div>
<ul style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: start;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Information technology is a relatively new functional area, having only been around formally for around 40 years.</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Recent IT – related strategic positions:</li>
</ul>
<div style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
- Chief Information Officer (CIO)</div>
<div style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
- Chief Technology Officer (CTO)</div>
<div style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
- Chief Security Officer (CSO)</div>
<div style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
- Chief Privacy Officer (CPO)</div>
<div style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
<span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman';"><b> - </b></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"><b> </b></span></span><b>Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO)</b></div>
<div style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"><br /></span></span></div>
<div style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Chief Information Officer (CIO) – oversees all uses of IT and ensures the strategic alignment of IT with business goals and objectives.</div>
<div style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
<br /><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
- Broad CIO functions include;</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 1in; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Manager – ensuring the delivery of all IT projects, on time and within budget.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">Leader – ensuring the strategic vision of IT is in line with the strategic vision of the organization.</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-indent: 0px;">Communicator – building and maintaining strong executive relationships.</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Average CIO compensation by industry<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Industry<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td><td style="border: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>Average CIO Compensation<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Wholesale/Retail/Distribution<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
$ 243,304<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Finance<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
$ 210,547<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Insurance<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
$ 197,697<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Manufacturing<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
$ 190,250<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Medical/Dental/Health Care<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
$ 171,032<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Government<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
$ 118,359<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 162.9pt;" valign="top" width="217"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Education<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2in;" valign="top" width="192"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
$ 93,750</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>What concerns CIOs the most<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<br /></div>
<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-collapse: collapse; border: none;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Percentages %<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td><td style="border: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
<b>CIOs Concerns<o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
94<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Enhancing customer satisfaction<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
92<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Security<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
89<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Technology evaluation<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
87<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Budgeting<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
83<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Staffing<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
66<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
ROI analysis<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
64<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Building new applications<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border: 2.25pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 95.4pt;" valign="top" width="127"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
45<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 2.25pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 2.25pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 2.25in;" valign="top" width="216"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Outsourcing hosting<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
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<div class="MsoNormal">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Chief Technology Officer (CTO) – responsible for ensuring the throughput , speed, accuracy, availability and reliability of IT<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Chief Security Officer (CSO) – responsible for ensuring the security of IT systems<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Chief Privacy Officer (CPO) – responsible for ensuring the ethical and legal use of information<o:p></o:p></div>
<br /><div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="text-indent: -0.25in;">
<span style="font-family: 'Courier New';">o<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Chief Knowledge Officer (CKO) – responsible for collecting, maintaining and distributing the organization’s knowledge<br /></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKKSFMqV3Vq4A_5g2svmPej0j7uNI92au1Vh9DsmRBf3Yk-78gLLDF864k7oxxAh35oQ3y1ze3x62n9Upvb1LDJ60Dlj0T50_tbZrgWvC2Jt8gWIb2J6i-EqSG2h63LAqZFyVTHZAQjz0N/s1600/capture-20130713-204919.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="265" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKKSFMqV3Vq4A_5g2svmPej0j7uNI92au1Vh9DsmRBf3Yk-78gLLDF864k7oxxAh35oQ3y1ze3x62n9Upvb1LDJ60Dlj0T50_tbZrgWvC2Jt8gWIb2J6i-EqSG2h63LAqZFyVTHZAQjz0N/s320/capture-20130713-204919.png" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div>
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<div style="color: #666666; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="color: #e06666;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="color: blue;">The Gap between Business Personnel and IT Personnel</span></u></b></div>
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<div>
<div style="color: #666666; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="color: #e06666;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #666666; text-align: justify;">
<ul style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: start;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Business personnel possess expertise in functional areas such as marketing, accounting and sales</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">IT personnel have the technological expertise</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">This typically causes a communications gap between the business personnel and IT personnel</span></li>
</ul>
<o:p style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;"></o:p></div>
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<b><u><span style="color: #e06666;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div style="color: #666666; text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="color: #e06666;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #fff0ee; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
<span style="color: blue;">IMPROVING COMMUNICATIONS</span><span style="color: #222222;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;">
<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</div>
<ul style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: start;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Business personnel must seek to increase their understanding of IT</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">IT personnel must seek to increase their understanding of the business</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">It is the responsibility of the CIO to ensure effective communication between business personnel and IT personnel</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="color: blue;"><br /></span></u></b></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<b><u><span style="color: blue;">Organizational Fundamentals - Ethics and Security</span></u></b></div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<ol style="color: #666666;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><i style="color: #990000;">Ethics </i><span style="color: #999999;">- the principles and standards that guide our behaviour toward other people</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #990000; font-style: italic;">Privacy </span><span style="color: #999999;">- right to be left alone when you want to be, to have control over your own personal possessions, and not to be observed without your consent</span></li>
</ol>
<div style="color: #666666;">
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #c27ba0;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
ETHICS<span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><br /><ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Ethics – the principles and standards that guide our behavior toward other people</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Privacy is a major ethical issues;</span></li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;">Privacy – the right to be left alone when you want to be to have control ever your own personnel possessions and not to be observed without your consent</li>
</ul>
<ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Issues affected by technology advances</span></li>
</ul>
</div>
<br style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;" /><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background-color: #fff0ee; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border: 1.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Intelligent property<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-style: solid solid solid none; border-top-color: windowtext; border-top-width: 1.5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 351.9pt;" valign="top" width="469"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Intangible creative work that is embodied in physical form<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1.5pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Copyright<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 351.9pt;" valign="top" width="469"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The legal protection afforded an expression of an idea, such as a song, video game and some types of proprietary documents<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1.5pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Fair use doctrine<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 351.9pt;" valign="top" width="469"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
In certain situations, it is legal to use copyrighted material<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1.5pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Pirated software<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 351.9pt;" valign="top" width="469"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
The unauthorized use, duplication, distribution or sale of copyrighted software<o:p></o:p></div>
</td></tr>
<tr><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-left-color: windowtext; border-left-width: 1.5pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-style: none solid solid; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 126.9pt;" valign="top" width="169"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Counterfeit software<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1.5pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 351.9pt;" valign="top" width="469"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Software that is manufactured to lock like the real thing and sold as such</div>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start; text-indent: -0.25in;">
</div>
<ul style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em; text-align: start;">
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="font-family: Symbol; text-indent: -0.25in;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">One of the main ingredients in trust is privacy</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Primary reasons privacy issues lost trust for e-business</span></li>
</ul>
<br style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;" /><table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background-color: #fff0ee; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="border: 1.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.4pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
1.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Loss of personnel privacy is a top concern for Americans in the 21<sup>st</sup>century<o:p></o:p></div>
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2.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Among Internet users, 37 percent would be “a lot” more inclined to purchase a product on a websites that had a privacy policy<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1.5pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 23.4pt;" valign="top" width="31"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
3.<o:p></o:p></div>
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Privacy/security is the number one factors that would convert Internet researchers into Internet buyers<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-color: #fff0ee; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px; text-align: start;">
SECURITY – HOW MUCH WILL DOWNTIME COST YOUR BUSINESS??<o:p></o:p></div>
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<table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="background-color: #fff0ee; border-collapse: collapse; border: none; color: #222222; font-family: cursive; font-size: 13.75px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 19.25px;"><tbody>
<tr><td colspan="3" style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 6.65in;" valign="top" width="638"><div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center;">
<b>Sources of Unplanned Downtime<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Bomb threat<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Hacker<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Snowstorm<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Burst pipe<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Hail<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sprinkler malfunction<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Chemical spill<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Hurricane<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Static electricity<o:p></o:p></div>
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Construction<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Ice storm<o:p></o:p></div>
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Strike<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Corrupted data<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Insects<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Terrorism<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Earthquake<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Lightning<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Theft<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Electrical short<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Network failure<o:p></o:p></div>
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Tornado<o:p></o:p></div>
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Epidemic<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Plane crash<o:p></o:p></div>
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Train derailment<o:p></o:p></div>
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Equipment failure<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Frozen pipe<o:p></o:p></div>
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Smoke damage<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Evacuation<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Power outage<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Vandalism<o:p></o:p></div>
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<tr><td style="border: 1pt solid windowtext; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Explosion<o:p></o:p></div>
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Power surge<o:p></o:p></div>
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Vehicle crash<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fire<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Rodents<o:p></o:p></div>
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Virus<o:p></o:p></div>
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Flood<o:p></o:p></div>
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Sabotage<o:p></o:p></div>
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Water damage (various)<o:p></o:p></div>
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Fraud<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Shredded data<o:p></o:p></div>
</td><td style="border-bottom-color: windowtext; border-bottom-width: 1pt; border-right-color: windowtext; border-right-width: 1pt; border-style: none solid solid none; padding: 0in 5.4pt; width: 159.6pt;" valign="top" width="213"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt;">
Wind<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>How much will downtime cost your business??</div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjuaVFHtB-2E1rQzn22-vXAb5tMasE_BNfXgcMU9WLcXdLXet4KrHf_o2_71MjmnO6VCnwNmNuXCWMlZv1OU5x3MQKFD2LsQWmg5kBiag79vGLKPKHBBaQMHgKfS0fgiW7wmMXQX62JOG0/s1600/capture-20130713-230951.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="255" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhjuaVFHtB-2E1rQzn22-vXAb5tMasE_BNfXgcMU9WLcXdLXet4KrHf_o2_71MjmnO6VCnwNmNuXCWMlZv1OU5x3MQKFD2LsQWmg5kBiag79vGLKPKHBBaQMHgKfS0fgiW7wmMXQX62JOG0/s400/capture-20130713-230951.png" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="400" /></a></div>
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PROTECTING INTELLECTUAL ASSETS<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Organizational information is intellectual capital – it must be protected<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Information security – the protection of information from accidental or intentional misuse by persons inside or outside an organization<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>E-business automatically crates tremendous information security risks for organization<o:p></o:p></div>
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<div style="text-align: left;">
<b>Percentage of IT Budget Spent on Information Security<o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz-mClHtK_NSZsH03KsQRuzBboN8uxnasYk0rF_zQE4zReT3O2vPm31UP7w2zbc4w0N91pXMzsgrunEQxF-CR1rUoMqNpKyz4qDuVwPRtPP6WHOBMx3nn3san7F-15J5rMs0YJnbbl20A_/s1600/capture-20130713-231938.png" imageanchor="1" style="color: #888888; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhz-mClHtK_NSZsH03KsQRuzBboN8uxnasYk0rF_zQE4zReT3O2vPm31UP7w2zbc4w0N91pXMzsgrunEQxF-CR1rUoMqNpKyz4qDuVwPRtPP6WHOBMx3nn3san7F-15J5rMs0YJnbbl20A_/s320/capture-20130713-231938.png" style="background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 1px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 1px 1px 5px; padding: 5px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div>
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<b>Average Reported Computer Security </b></div>
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<b>Expenditure/Investment per Employee</b> </div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Although natural disasters may appear to be the most devastating causes of IT outages, they are hardly the most frequent or biggest threats uptime</li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #c27ba0;">Sources of unplanned downtime</span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-52957499687858959042015-07-28T21:01:00.001-07:002015-07-28T21:01:20.155-07:00chapter 6 : valuing organizational information ^^<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name">
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<span style="color: #ea9999;"><span style="font-size: x-large;"><span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">CHAPTER 6 </span></span>: VALUING ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION</span></div>
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<span style="font-size: medium;"><b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> Organizational Information</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;">Information is everywhere in an organization. when addressing a significant business issue, employees must be able to obtain and analyze all the relevant information so they can make the best decision possible. Organizational Information comes at different levels and in different formats and granularities.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><u>Information granularity</u><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>refers to the extent of detail within the information (fine and detailed or coarse and abstract). Employees must be able to correlate the different levels, formats, and granularities of information when making decisions. </span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: #f3f3f3; text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">ORGANIZATIONAL INFORMATION</span></b></b></span></span></span></div>
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<li><b style="background-color: #f3f3f3; font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: transparent;"> information granularity refers to extent of detail within information ( fine and detailed or coarse</span><span style="background-color: transparent;"> and abstract)</span></span></b></li>
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<span style="color: red;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">The Value of Transactional and Analytical Information</span></span></h3>
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<li><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 18px;"> Transactional information</b><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 18px;"> encompasses all of the information contained within a single business process</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 18px;"> or unit of work , and its primary purpose is to support the performing of daily operational tasks</span></li>
<li><b style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 18px;"> Analytical information</b><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 18px;"> encompasses all organizational information, and its primary purpose</span><span style="font-family: Georgia, 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 13px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 18px;"> is to support the performing of managerial analysis tasks</span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 17px;"><span style="color: red;"><br style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /></span><b style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><span style="color: red;">THE VALUE OF TIMELY INFORMATION</span> </b></span></span><br />
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<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> REAL- TIME INFORMATION means immediate , up-to-date information.</b></span></li>
<li><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><b style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"> REAL- TIME SYSTEMS provide real-time information in response to query request.</b></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;" /><span style="color: red;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b>THE VALUE OF QUALITY INFORMATION</b></span></span><br style="background-color: white; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 17px;" /><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 17px;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b><br /></b></span></span><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 17px;"></span></span><br style="background-color: white; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 17px;" /><div style="-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: white; color: black; font-family: Verdana, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13.3333330154419px; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: 16.6666660308838px; orphans: auto; text-align: left; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 1; word-spacing: 0px;">
Business decisions are only as good as the quality of the information used to make the decisions.</div>
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The five characteristics of high-quality include:</div>
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<b>1) Accuracy</b></div>
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<b>2) Completeness</b></div>
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<b>3) Consistency</b></div>
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<b>4) Uniqueness</b></div>
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<b>5) Timeliness</b></div>
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Five common characteristics of high- quality information</div>
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<a href="https://sites.google.com/site/qccrdesir/unit-2/chapter-6--valuing-organizational-information/High%20quality.png?attredirects=0" style="background: none; border-bottom-style: none; color: rgb(0, 0, 255) !important; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="187" src="https://sites.google.com/site/qccrdesir/_/rsrc/1322355352002/unit-2/chapter-6--valuing-organizational-information/High%20quality.png?height=187&width=400" style="background-color: white; border-color: rgb(204, 204, 204) rgb(153, 153, 153) rgb(153, 153, 153) rgb(204, 204, 204); border-style: solid; border-width: 1px; padding: 7px;" width="400" /></a></div>
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<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: red;"><span style="background-color: white; font-size: 12px; letter-spacing: 1px; line-height: 17px;"><span style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 18px;"><b> </b></span></span></span></span><br />
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<span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">UNDERSTANDING THE COSTS OF POOR INFORMATION</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"> </span></b></span><br /><img height="200" src="http://ecx.images-amazon.com/images/I/51y%2B49BW5YL._SX317_BO1,204,203,200_.jpg" width="127" /> <img height="193" src="http://tao.wearefriday.com/img/cost-of-poor-quality-8df1453f.png" width="200" /> <img height="150" src="http://www.agiledge.com/sites/default/files/blog/moneypuzzle%20(640x480).jpg" width="200" /></div>
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<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Using the wrong information can lead to making the wrong decision.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Making the wrong decision can cost time, money and even reputations.</span></li>
<li style="border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">Bad information can cause serious business ramifications such as :</span></li>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">1) Inability to accurately track customers , which directly affects strategies initiatives such as CRM and SCM</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">2)difficulty identifying the organization's most valuable customers.</span></span></div>
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<span style="text-align: start;"><span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">3)Inability
to identify selling opportunities and wasted revenue from marketing to
none existing customers and non deliverable mail</span></span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">4) Difficulty tracking revenue because of inaccurate voices</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">5) Inability to build strong relationship with customers- which increases buyer power</span></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;">UNDERSTANDING THE BENEFITS OF GOOD INFORMATION</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="color: red;"><b style="font-size: 15px; line-height: 20.790000915527344px; text-align: start;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="color: #20124d;">Okay , see you for the next chapter ! XOXO >,<</span> </span></b></span></div>
Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-64467276801169345892015-07-24T17:14:00.003-07:002015-07-24T17:14:40.816-07:00<div style="text-align: justify;">
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Chapter 4 : Measuring the Success of Strategic Initiatives</h3>
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<span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.3999996185303px; text-align: center;"> In this chapter, i learn a lot of thing. My lecturer is a great when she give the lecture about </span><span style="background-color: white; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 18.3999996185303px; text-align: center;">this topic. Now, i can see how the organization or company operates by apply the particular in this chapter. First of all, in this topic i had learn about IT metrics. What is IT metrics?Okay, IT is stand for Information Technology and metrics are details measures that feed to bussines drivers. In other words, IT metrics are used to measure the performance the company. For example, TESCO are introduce customers to their members card. For customers, that members card allowed them to get discounts on their buying but it must based on term and condition. But for the TESCO themselves,the members card are used to analysis about what are their customers purchased everyday, seek the items that most of customers purchased or in other words, TESCO use the members card to do research about the customers demand daily and the customers behaviour. With the members card and such that information, TESCO can plan and measure the new strategy to develop their bussines.</span></div>
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MEASURING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY’S SUCCESS<o:p></o:p></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Key performance indicator – measures that are tied to business drivers</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Metrics are detailed measures that feed KPIs</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Performance metrics fall into the nebulous area of business intelligence that is neither technology, nor business centered, but requires input from both IT and business professionals</span></span></li>
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EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVENESS<o:p></o:p></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Efficiency IT metric – measures the performance of the IT system itself including throughput, speed, and availability</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Effectiveness IT metric – measures the impact IT has on business processes and activities including customer satisfaction, conversion rates, and sell-through increases</span></span></li>
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BENCHMARKING – BASELINE METRICS<o:p></o:p></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">Regardless of what is measured, how it is measured, and whether it is for the sake of efficiency or effectiveness, there must be </span><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><i>benchmarks </i>–</b><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">baseline values the system seeks to attain</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px;"><span style="background-color: #ffe599;"><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt; text-indent: -0.25in;"> </span><b style="text-indent: -0.25in;"><i>Benchmarking – </i></b><span style="text-indent: -0.25in;">a process of continuously measuring system results, comparing those results to optimal system performance (benchmark values), and identifying steps and producers to improve system performance</span></span></li>
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<span style="font-size: 13.75px;">-</span><span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.75px;">Comparing efficiency IT and effectiveness IT metrics for the government initiatives </span><o:p></o:p></div>
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<b><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><i><u>THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF EFFICIENCY AND EFFECTIVESS IT METRICS</u></i></span><span style="font-family: Kranky; font-size: 13.75px;"><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Common types of efficiency IT metrics<o:p></o:p></div>
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Efficiency IT Metrics<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Throughput<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">The amount of information that can travel through a system at any point.<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Transaction speed<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">The amount of time a system takes to perform a transaction.<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">System availability<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">The number of hours at system is available for users.<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Information accuracy<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">The extent to which a system generates the correct results when executing the same transaction numerous times.<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Web traffic<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Includes a host of benchmarks such as the number of page views, the number of unique visitors, and the average time spent viewing a web page.<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">Response time<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #cfe2f3;">The time it takes to respond to user interactions such as a mouse click.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Effectiveness IT metrics focus on an organization’s goals, strategies, and objectives and include…<o:p></o:p></div>
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Effectiveness IT Metrics<b><o:p></o:p></b></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">Usability<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">The ease with which people perform transactions and/or find information. A popular usability metric on the Internet is degrees of freedom, which measures the number of clicks required to find desired information.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">Customers satisfaction<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">Measured by such benchmarks as satisfaction surveys, percentage of existing customers retained, and increases in revenue dollars per customer.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">Conversion rates<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">The number of customers an organization “touches” for the first time and persuades to purchase its products or services. This is a popular metric for evaluating the effectiveness of banner, pop-up, and pop-under ads on the Internet.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">Financial<b style="font-style: italic;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
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<span style="background-color: #d0e0e3;">Such as return on investment (the earning power of an organization’s assets), cost-benefit analysis (the comparison of projected revenues and costs including development, maintenance, fixed and variable), and break-even analysis (the point at which content revenues equal ongoing costs).</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Security is an issue for any organization offering products or services over the Internet.<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>It is inefficient for an organization to implement Internet security, since it slows down processing.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>However, to be effective it must implement Internet security.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Secure Internet connections must offer encryption and Secure Sockets Layers (SSL denoted by the lock symbol in the lower right corner of browser)<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Interrelationships between efficiency and effectiveness. <o:p></o:p></div>
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METRICS FOR STRATEGIC INITIATIVES<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>Metrics for measuring and managing strategic initiatives include;<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Website metrics.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Supply chain management (SCM) metrics<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Customer relationship management (CRM) metrics<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Business process reengineering (BPR) metrics<o:p></o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Symbol;">·<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt;"> </span></span>Enterprise resource planning (ERP) metrics <o:p></o:p></div>
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WEBSITE METRICS<o:p></o:p></div>
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<o:p>SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT METRICS </o:p></div>
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CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT METRICS<o:p></o:p><br /></div>
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BPR and ERP Metrics<o:p></o:p></div>
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-<span style="font-size: 7pt;"> </span>The balanced scorecard enables organizations to measure and manage strategic initiatives. <o:p></o:p></div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-10774160725751433712015-07-06T23:47:00.003-07:002015-07-06T23:47:58.453-07:00strategic initiative for implementing competitive advantage<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: #055bb4; font-stretch: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
<span style="background-color: white;"><i><span style="font-family: Courier New, Courier, monospace; font-size: large;">CHAPTER 3: STRATEGIC INITIATIVES FOR IMPLEMENTING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES</span></i></span></h3>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"> <span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">Organizations can undertake high-profile strategic initiatives including</span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: left;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Supply Chain Management (SCM)</i></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Customer Relationship Management (CRM)</i></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Business Process Reengineering (BPR)</i></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #cc0000; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i>Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)</i></span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b><span style="color: #e06666;"><u>Supply Chain Management </u></span><span style="color: #666666;">- </span></b><span style="text-indent: -0.38in;"><span style="color: #666666;">involves the management of information flows between and among stages in a supply chain to maximize total supply chain effectiveness and profitability</span></span></span></li>
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<span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #990000;">Four basic components of supply chain management</span> include :</span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Supply chain strategy</span> - <span style="color: #666666;">strategy for managing all the resources required to meet customer demand for all products and services</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Supply chain partners</span> - <span style="color: #666666;">the partners chosen to deliver finished products, raw materials, and services including pricing, delivery, and payment processes along with partner relationship monitoring metrics</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Supply chain operation</span> - <span style="color: #666666;">the schedule for production activities including testing, packaging, and preparation for delivery. Measurements for this component include productivity and quality</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Supply chain logistics </span><span style="color: #666666;">- the product delivery processes and elements including orders, warehouses, carriers, defective product returns, and invoicing</span></span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #990000;">Effective and efficient supply chain management systems</span></span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial;"> </span><span style="font-family: Arial;">can enable the organization to : </span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Decrease the buyer power</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Increase supplier power</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Increase switching costs</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Create entry barriers</span></span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;"><span style="color: #a64d79;">Increase efficiencies while seeking a competitive advantage through cost leadership</span></span></li>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH-fdUrm0ESXnex7pGbHiM2NB9ewpA-AcQVmKnNqStVBUGyxMwYyEtvYIy2-ikCAF_Ba4fnp5XJiiFWvhy4yvLBeJQSiWwrYMBr1ddih0w05p3KVmT2dcVpA61C9G1C3oTB-V7i5ww5gs/s1600/Picture7.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #9b0e53; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="108" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgH-fdUrm0ESXnex7pGbHiM2NB9ewpA-AcQVmKnNqStVBUGyxMwYyEtvYIy2-ikCAF_Ba4fnp5XJiiFWvhy4yvLBeJQSiWwrYMBr1ddih0w05p3KVmT2dcVpA61C9G1C3oTB-V7i5ww5gs/s320/Picture7.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0px 0px 0px; background: transparent; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10.5600004196167px;">Effective and efficient supply chain managements effect on Porter's Five Forces</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> 2. </span><span style="color: #e06666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 1.4; text-decoration: underline;">Customer Relationship Management</span><span style="color: #666666; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 1.4;"> - involves managing all aspects of a customer's relationship with an organization to increase customer loyalty and retention and an organization's profitability</span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial;">CRM </span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial;">is not just technology, but</span><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial;"> a strategy, process, and business goal </span><span style="color: #666666; font-family: Arial;">that an organization must embrace on an enterprisewide level</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #990000; font-family: Arial;">CRM can enable the organization to</span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #a64d79; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">identify types of customers</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #a64d79; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">design individual customer marketing campaigns</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #a64d79; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">treat each customer as an individual</span></li>
<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="color: #a64d79; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">understand customer buying behaviours</span></li>
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<tr><td><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpof48npHYDyRvm_ngFvtkZWarc_vO_pDk7M9Ds_qXCCb-HZPKbXeUtKu9KPsAkRZvrggzaPZewXqGGfWaj3EdBCE990l1hnb87BYnXRZjwBQRYmxMfJxKCPDTLfyJn7Ce4hZWRRcv0DY/s1600/Picture2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #9b0e53; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpof48npHYDyRvm_ngFvtkZWarc_vO_pDk7M9Ds_qXCCb-HZPKbXeUtKu9KPsAkRZvrggzaPZewXqGGfWaj3EdBCE990l1hnb87BYnXRZjwBQRYmxMfJxKCPDTLfyJn7Ce4hZWRRcv0DY/s400/Picture2.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0px 0px 0px; background: transparent; border: none; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.0980392) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative;" width="323" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="font-size: 10.5600004196167px;">CRM overviews</td></tr>
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<span style="font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;">3. </span><span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 13.1999998092651px; line-height: 18.4799995422363px;"><b><u><span style="color: #e06666;">Business Process Reenginering</span></u></b> - analysis and redesign of workflow within and between the enterprise</span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">The <span style="color: #990000;">purpose</span> of BPR is to make all business <span style="color: #990000;">processes best-in-class</span></li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">Finding <span style="color: #990000;">opportunity </span>using BPR</li>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial;">Types of change an organization can achieve, along with the magnitudes of change and the potential business benefit</span></li>
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4. <span style="color: #e06666;"><b><u>Enterprise Resource Planning</u></b> </span>- <span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: center;">integrates all departments and functions throughout an organization into a single IT system so that employees can make decisions by viewing </span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: center;">enterprisewide</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: center;"> information on all business operations</span></div>
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<li style="margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;">ERP systems <span style="color: #990000;">collect data from across an organization</span> and correlates the data generating an </span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;">enterprisewide</span><span style="font-family: Arial; text-align: left; text-indent: -0.38in;"> view</span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-29748951735404421072015-07-06T23:20:00.001-07:002015-07-06T23:20:37.790-07:00IDENTIFYING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE<br />
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<b><i><span style="background-color: white; color: #660000; font-size: x-large;">MGT 300, Chapter 2 : Identifying Competitive Advantages</span></i></b><div class="post-header" style="line-height: 1.6; margin: 0px 0px 1em;">
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MGT 300, Chapter 2 : Identifying Competitive Advantages</h3>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">In this chapter, I have learned ways to survive and thrive of an organization in industry.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>i) Competitive Advantage</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">a service or product that an organization's customers place a greater value on than similar offerings from other competitor. For example sports clothing's companies from Nike and Adidas. They sells a same products;shoes,t-shirt,tracksuit,socks and others.</span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCtcTVdGMMBZ04gRgYNKocsB93ElRbs2AxLJqT2GJ-UItd5KN84YFaDVWOhp-ovVtLWPi22AEegGai__uE2BnY2p1fAwuDlBDgLseLPFl7dF7DUVLPLAL2enlkTYED_oGbxA5WzFO6WTw/s1600/098642_adidas_predator_PS_white_navy_zm.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="color: #444444; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em; text-decoration: none;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCtcTVdGMMBZ04gRgYNKocsB93ElRbs2AxLJqT2GJ-UItd5KN84YFaDVWOhp-ovVtLWPi22AEegGai__uE2BnY2p1fAwuDlBDgLseLPFl7dF7DUVLPLAL2enlkTYED_oGbxA5WzFO6WTw/s320/098642_adidas_predator_PS_white_navy_zm.jpg" style="-webkit-box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; background: transparent; border-radius: 0px; border: 1px solid transparent; box-shadow: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 0px 0px 0px; padding: 8px; position: relative;" width="320" /></a></div>
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*this is shoe's from adidas, the predator </div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">*this is nike, the mercurial</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>ii) First mover advantage</b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">organization impact its market shar by being first to market with a competitive advantage</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">for example,before air asia enter to the industry,MAS is a single company that involve in airplane.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><i><u><br /></u></i></span></div>
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<span style="color: #0b5394;"><i><u><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;">Porter 's Five Forces Model</span></u></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>i) </b><span style="color: #38761d;"><b>Buyer Powe</b>r</span></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ability of buyers to directly impact the price they are willing to pay for an item.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">high as customers have many choices.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">'Customers Always Right'</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>ii) <span style="color: #38761d;">Supplier Power</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">ability of supplier to directly the price they are charging for supplies.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">high as there are limited product's manufacturers to choose from.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>iii) <span style="color: #38761d;">Threat of Substitute Products or Services</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">high as there are numerous transportation alternatives</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>iv) <span style="color: #38761d;">Threat of New Entrants</span> </b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">high as new airlines are continuously the market</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;"><b>v) <span style="color: #38761d;">Rivalry Among Existing Competition</span></b></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;">high when competition is fierce in a market and low when competition is more complacent</span></div>
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Know Your Competitive Advantages and Strategies</h2>
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A <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Competitive_advantage" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #ed1d24; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">competitive advantage</a> is a unique strength that a certain firm has over it competition. It allows the company to increase sales, improve margins, and/or maintain customer loyalty. The competitive advantage can be created in cost structures, product offerings, supply chain networks, customer relationship management programs, sales strategies and more.</div>
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Understanding your company’s competitive advantage can mean the difference between dominating the market and falling short of your competition. By knowing and developing strategies to sustain your competitive advantage, you can make it more difficult for the competition to take control of the market.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">WHAT MAKES YOUR COMPANY BETTER THAN THE REST?</span></h3>
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The <a href="http://www.business.qld.gov.au/business/starting/market-customer-research/your-competitive-advantage" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #ed1d24; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">identification of your competitive advantage</a> is so important that the Queensland Government makes it a key page on their website. By understanding your firm’s competitive advantages, you can create a solid foundation for all of your marketing efforts for years to come.</div>
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Although it can be tempting to choose multiple competitive strategies, you should always focus on the one thing your company does better than anyone else. Spreading your resources out over multiple processes will simply lead to mediocre performance across the board and leave your firm susceptible to its competition.</div>
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Take some time to analyse every aspect of your business. Are your business processes more efficient than your competitors? Do you have more expertise in the development of your products or services? Are your products or services completely unique when compared to the competition? You can also use a SWOT Analysis or <a href="http://www.investopedia.com/terms/p/porter.asp" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: #ed1d24; line-height: inherit; text-decoration: none;" target="_blank">Porter’s Five Forces</a> to help you identify your competitive advantage.</div>
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Your competitive advantage can be found anywhere within your business model and it is worth spending the time to determine what makes your firm stand out the most!</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; line-height: inherit;">STRATEGIES FOR CAPITALISING AND SUSTAINING YOUR COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE</span></h3>
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All of your marketing processes and strategies should focus on highlighting your competitive advantage. Your best marketing strategy depends on your firm’s unique strength, but there are several general strategies to follow when attempting to capitalise and sustain your company’s competitive advantage:</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900; line-height: inherit;">1. Cost Leadership Strategy</span></div>
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Firms implementing a cost leadership strategy focus on being the lowest cost producer in the industry. This strategy can include investments in efficient technologies, economies of scale, priority access to raw materials and other elements. The firm must be diligent in identifying and exploiting all possible opportunities for cost advantages.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900; line-height: inherit;">2. Differentiation</span></div>
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Differentiation is almost an opposite of the cost leadership strategy. Firms seeking differentiation must provide unique products or services and add value for their buyers. Typically, a differentiated firm focuses on a few key attributes that many consumers in the market place high value upon. When correctly implemented, this strategy commands higher prices.</div>
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<span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 900; line-height: inherit;">3. Focus</span></div>
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A focus strategy can be based on cost leadership or differentiation, but targets a more narrow scope than other companies in the industry. These firms choose a certain market segment and tailor all business processes towards dominating that smaller market share.</div>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-89232346789653392332015-07-05T20:55:00.001-07:002015-07-05T20:55:04.246-07:00BUSINESS DRIVEN TECHNOLOGY<h3 class="post-title entry-title" itemprop="name" style="color: #2198a6; font-family: Kranky; font-size: 24px; font-stretch: normal; font-weight: normal; margin: 0px; position: relative;">
Chapter 1 - Business Driven Technology</h3>
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<b><u>Learning Outcomes</u></b><br />1.1 Compare management information system (MIS) and information technology (IT)<br />1.2 Describe the relationships among people, information technology, and information<br />1.3 Identify four different department in a typical business and explain how technology helps them to work together<br />1.4 Compare the four different types of organizational information cultures and decide which cultures applies to your school<br /><br /><img height="156" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiHe7zQEPOSzO47R8G7Xu1vbUXA-KtSczEP62xPGbJyhEjUUGg6bWHUKNaOK0q5r7RJq3u8xJhhkcjAZsHxgarwokEGa0pJt1iFHDq_QA6pQazd1nHC9XzStnxZn6C2mZeEurxCez6GzdY/s320/4.png" style="padding: 8px;" width="320" /><br /><br /><img height="152" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgpaSSVhi5RXT4zEKvA-DrNMKkrHAyOxm6HT1CUHpi8AeNIIL2eNyv27CSaZ7NYn0QGNFuf9xnCzxn4FsTsAhhPcHyBUwCwZgppaupQ0j6M6T7aYC51NqqlNWOL0D-ts9INLnnl2TdUKU8/s320/5.png" style="padding: 8px;" width="320" /><br /><img height="188" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiYQSgaA_rky1l_EYTvZ2liN-t0hF6RfRzHVmI24gm3hRo6VsYY8NlCbFuJF6Afh2WDg5f5uQ1EefzYwQy3INPnDTPNmxLgfBuNIjGP2uA9YFxNr3Tj0Cbvd6EjUMGlCI6ig2tH8v88UzM/s320/Picture4.jpg" style="padding: 8px;" width="320" /><br /><br /><br /><img height="295" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-ulJbeQd9rIc1rqQlm1xhZsvVIB8_pJCglkqJV38i7lmbn-0N8jmcRlZAibxFSCeBqjnUQ7yCDFryT1hBtpR8eYN_ajT4XYJ6VLah9-Y4EQ1P6QrCSOlJ32VyvZBWYJSYwu3J3xoQpmcC/s320/Picture3.jpg" style="padding: 8px;" width="320" /><br /><br /><br /><ul style="line-height: 1.4; margin: 0.5em 0px; padding: 0px 2.5em;">
<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">Organizational typically operate by functional areas or functional silos </li>
<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">Functional areas are interdependent</li>
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<u><i><b>Information Technology Basics</b></i></u></div>
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<i>Information technology (IT)</i></div>
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<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">A field concerned with the use of technology in managing and processing information</li>
<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">Information technology is an important enabler of business success and innovation</li>
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<i>Management information system (MIS) </i></div>
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<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">A general name for the business function and academic discipline covering the application of people, technologies, and procedures to solve business problems</li>
<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">MIS is a business function similar to accounting, finance, operations and human resources</li>
<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">When beginning to learn about information technology it is important to understand i) Data, information and business intelligence IT resources ii) IT cultures</li>
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<u><b>Information</b></u></div>
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<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">Data - raw fact that describe the characteristic of an event</li>
<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">Information - data converted into a meaningful and useful context </li>
<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">Business intelligence - applications and technologies that are used to support decision-making efforts</li>
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<u><b>IT Resources</b></u></div>
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<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><b>People use</b></li>
<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">Information technology to work with</li>
<li style="border: none; color: #666666; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;">Information</li>
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<u><b>IT Cultures</b></u></div>
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<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d5a6bd;">Organizational information cultures include:</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d5a6bd;">information-Functional Culture</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d5a6bd;">Informational-Sharing Culture</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d5a6bd;">Information-Inquiring Culture</span></li>
<li style="border-image-outset: initial; border-image-repeat: initial; border-image-slice: initial; border-image-source: initial; border-image-width: initial; border: none; margin: 0px 0px 0.25em; padding: 0.25em 0px;"><span style="background-color: #d5a6bd;">Information-Discovery Culture</span></li>
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Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6148676417721316434.post-1602546640984971182015-06-29T23:41:00.002-07:002015-06-29T23:41:27.996-07:00Welcome home babeyyyyyHi, welcome to my new blog 🎈Anonymoushttp://www.blogger.com/profile/09412362767846041858noreply@blogger.com0